A surface that is perpendicular to the Sun receives maximum solar radiation because it is oriented directly toward the Sun, capturing the most direct sunlight.
On the other hand, a surface that is non-perpendicular to the Sun, such as one that is oriented at an angle (e.g., a horizontal surface when the Sun is relatively low in the sky), receives less solar radiation. This is due to the sunlight being spread over a larger area and passing through more of the Earth's atmosphere, which can absorb or scatter some of the solar energy.
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