The Aztec Triple Alliance, also known as the Triple Alliance of Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan, was formed in 1428 as a strategic coalition aimed at consolidating power and influence in the Valley of Mexico. The key events leading to its formation include:
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Rivalries and Conflicts: Prior to the alliance, the region was characterized by several city-states and ongoing conflicts. The Mexica (later known as the Aztecs) were initially vassals of the Tepanec city of Azcapotzalco, which dominated the area.
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Fall of the Tepanecs: The Mexica, led by their ruler Itzcali, allied with the cities of Texcoco and Tlacopan to overthrow the Tepanec overlord, Maxtla. This was driven by a combination of resentment towards Tepanec rule and the desire for greater autonomy.
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Formation of the Alliance: After a series of battles, particularly the pivotal Battle of Otumba, the alliance successfully defeated the Tepanecs in 1428, leading to the collapse of their power. The cities formed a mutual agreement to share power and resources, creating a balance that benefited all three partners.
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Expansion and Dominance: Following their victory over the Tepanecs, the Triple Alliance rapidly expanded its territory and influence, absorbing and dominating neighboring states through military conquest and tribute systems.
The formation of the Aztec Triple Alliance marked the beginning of the Aztec Empire, setting the stage for its prominence in Mesoamerican history.