A student writing an essay identifying the causes of independence movements in Latin America and the Caribbean would include Enlightenment ideas. Enlightenment thinkers advocated for individual rights, democracy, and liberty, which significantly influenced independence movements throughout the region.
The other options, while they may have some relevance, are not primary causes of the independence movements. Decentralized government might have played a role, but it is more about governance structures than the broader ideas fueling independence. Religious persecution could be a factor in specific cases, but it wasn't a universal cause across the region. The absence of slavery is not accurate, as slavery was present in many parts of Latin America and the Caribbean during the time of these movements.
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