In a typical soil profile in a temperate region, the layer that would be located farthest from the surface of the Earth is the bedrock (R).
To clarify the order of soil layers from the surface down, they are generally as follows:
- Organic layer (O)
- Topsoil (A)
- Subsoil (B)
- Parent material (C)
- Bedrock (R)
Therefore, the correct answer is bedrock (R).