A.Proganda 1. A law making it a crime to speak against the government during war time
B.Victory Gardens 2. Campaign encouraging the public to save food and reduce waste during the war
C.Liberty Bonds 3.A patriotic campaign to raise money for the war effort
D.Espionage Act 4.Gardens grown by citizens to help supply food for soldiers during war
E.Sedition Act 5.The use of media posters films etc to encourage support for the war
Match each term to its correct definition 1___2____3____4____5____
The military draft approved by Congress in May 1917 ensured the country had enough soldiers to fight in Europe. However, Wilson and other government leaders realized that all Americans, not only those who were sent overseas, would be needed to win the war. “It is not an army that we must shape and train for war; it is a nation,” President Wilson said. He considered the people at home to be just as much a part of the army as the soldiers in France “beneath the battle flags.” Once the United States had entered the war, the federal government started organizing Americans at home to support the war effort.
Propaganda and Patriotism When President Woodrow Wilson called the nation to war, he knew that not all citizens would respond with enthusiasm. As the war raged in Europe, pacifists formed peace groups to keep the United States from entering the conflict. Pacifists are people who oppose war for political, moral, or religious reasons. Other opponents took an isolationist approach. They believed that the United States should fight to defend itself rather than become involved in what they viewed as a European conflict.
To increase support for the war effort, the government used propaganda. Wilson created a government agency that carried out a campaign to “sell” the war to the public through films, posters, and books promoting the war. It sent thousands of men into towns and cities to deliver speeches on such topics as why the United States was fighting and the need to save food and fuel.
Americans responded by showing their support for the war effort. Families saved tin cans, paper, and old toothpaste tubes for recycling into war materials. Women met in homes or churches to knit blankets and socks for soldiers. Many people joined local Red Cross chapters, where they rolled bandages and packed supplies to send to Europe.
Propaganda and patriotism sometimes stirred up anti-German anger. Although almost all German American communities supported the war effort once the United States had entered the conflict, they often suffered because of the suspicions of others. Some employers in war industries fired German American workers for fear they might destroy machinery or report plans to the enemy. Music groups stopped playing music written by German composers, and libraries removed books by German writers.
Raising Money for the War Once the United States entered the war, the government had to find ways to pay for it. World War I ultimately cost the United States about $35.5 billion, about one-third of which came from taxes while the rest came from government sales of bonds. A bond is a document issued by a government or a company that promises to repay an amount of money, plus an additional amount. Thousands of citizens worked to sell Liberty Bonds in their hometowns.
Organizing Industry for the War As the nation geared up for war, industries began to produce fewer consumer goods and more war supplies. In the past, the government had left businesses alone to make this transition, but World War I was different. For the first time, the federal government worked with industries to ensure they made what the military needed. This included the power to tell factories what goods to produce and how much to make.
Efforts to Conserve Food and Fuel The United States faced the enormous task of feeding its armed forces, as well as the people at home. To meet the challenge, farmers produced more food, while the government began a campaign that urged Americans to conserve food so that more could be sent to U.S. troops in Europe. Families participated in Meatless Mondays and Wheatless Wednesdays, and they increased the food supply by planting “victory gardens” in their backyards and public parks.
The government encouraged Americans to conserve fuel to help make sure factories had enough coal and oil to increase production of war supplies. To save energy, Americans turned down their furnaces on “heatless Mondays” and walked instead of driving their cars on “gasless Sundays.” The government also introduced daylight savings time, which provided an extra hour of daylight at day's end and enabled households to use less electricity for lighting.
Efforts to Enforce Loyalty Most Americans, including those who had emigrated to the United States, supported the war effort. Immigrants wanted a chance to prove their loyalty to their country and did so by buying war bonds, participating in conservation efforts, and working in wartime industries.
Nevertheless, recent immigrants became targets of patriot groups, like the American Protective League, that tried to enforce what they called “100 percent Americanism.” Their members sometimes walked around immigrant neighborhoods looking for signs of disloyalty. They also sent the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) names of people they suspected of being disloyal.
Fear of espionage, or spying, led Congress to pass the Espionage Act in 1917. This law made it a crime to try to interfere with the military draft and established severe penalties for spying.
In 1918, Congress further cracked down on opposition by enacting the Sedition Act, which made it a crime to say anything disloyal about the government. Hundreds of people were arrested for offenses such as criticizing the military draft or wartime taxes.
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Here's the matching of each term to its correct definition:
A. Proganda - 5. The use of media posters films etc to encourage support for the war
B. Victory Gardens - 4. Gardens grown by citizens to help supply food for soldiers during war
C. Liberty Bonds - 3. A patriotic campaign to raise money for the war effort
D. Espionage Act - 1. A law making it a crime to speak against the government during war time
E. Sedition Act - 2. Campaign encouraging the public to save food and reduce waste during the war
1 answer