A population of cheetahs on the plains in southern Africa has very little genetic variation compared to other species in the area. Scientists are concerned that the cheetah population will not survive extreme environmental changes. What is the name of the effect the scientist observed and why is it a concern?(1 point)

Question

Responses

Disaster effect, because the cheetahs have mutated to produce ineffective proteins
Disaster effect, because the cheetahs have mutated to produce ineffective proteins

Substitution mutation, because the these mutations cannot be passed to offspring
Substitution mutation, because the these mutations cannot be passed to offspring

Bottleneck effect, because environmental stresses affecting one cheetah could affect them all
Bottleneck effect, because environmental stresses affecting one cheetah could affect them all

Frameshift mutation, because it only produces ineffective proteins

Answer 1

The correct response is:

Bottleneck effect, because environmental stresses affecting one cheetah could affect them all.

The bottleneck effect refers to a significant reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events or pressures, which leads to a decrease in genetic diversity. This lack of genetic variation can make the population more vulnerable to environmental changes and diseases, as they may all share similar vulnerabilities.

Answer 2

Crossing-over and independent assortment can occur during meiosis. How does this support the claim that meiosis results in inheritable genetic variations?(1 point)
Responses

It produces cells that have genetic combinations that aren’t passed on.
It produces cells that have genetic combinations that aren’t passed on.

It results in identical daughter cells.
It results in identical daughter cells.

It maintains genetic stability.
It maintains genetic stability.

It allows for new combinations of genes.

Answer 3

The correct response is:

It allows for new combinations of genes.

Crossing-over and independent assortment during meiosis lead to the mixing of genetic material from the parents, producing gametes with new combinations of alleles. This genetic variation is inheritable, meaning it can be passed on to offspring, contributing to the diversity of traits in a population.

Answer 4

Which example would likely result in new combinations of DNA in an individual's offspring?(1 point)
Responses

Sister chromatids crossing over during mitosis in a heart cell.
Sister chromatids crossing over during mitosis in a heart cell.

UV radiation causing a mutation in a skin cell resulting in melanoma.
UV radiation causing a mutation in a skin cell resulting in melanoma.

A spontaneous mutation to the DNA in a lung cell during mitosis.
A spontaneous mutation to the DNA in a lung cell during mitosis.

Homologous chromosomes failing to separate during meiosis.

Answer 5

The correct response is:

Sister chromatids crossing over during mitosis in a heart cell.

However, it's important to note that crossing over typically occurs during meiosis, not mitosis. If sister chromatids were to cross over during mitosis (which would be unusual), this could lead to new combinations of DNA. However, in the context of typical biological processes leading to genetic variation in offspring, the best example would actually be crossing over during meiosis. If the option had mentioned crossing over during meiosis, that would have been the most accurate choice for resulting in new combinations of DNA in an individual's offspring.

Among the given options, the crossing over in heart cells (even though it’s a misrepresentation that it happens during mitosis) is still the closest one to producing genetic variation compared to the other options provided.

Answer 6

Body size in mice is controlled in part by genetics. The following data show the number of mice grouped by lengths:

Length Group Number of Mice
Very small (4-5 cm) 2
Small (5-7 cm) 6
Average (7-10 cm) 15
Large (10-12 cm) 7
Very large (12-13 cm) 1
A bar graph entitled Mouse Body Size in a Population. The Y axis is labeled Length, centimeters. Two mice are very small, between four and five centimeters. Six mice are small in size, between five and seven centimeters. Fifteen mice are medium in size, between seven and ten centimeters. Seven mice have large bodies, between ten and twelve centimeters. One mouse is very large, between twelve and thirteen centimeters.

Identify the inheritance pattern that this trait follows in mice.

(1 point)
Responses

incomplete dominance
incomplete dominance

complete dominance
complete dominance

Mendelian
Mendelian

polygenic
polygenic
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Answer 7

The correct response is:

polygenic

Body size in mice, as indicated by the varying number of mice across different length groups, suggests that this trait is influenced by multiple genes rather than a single gene. Polygenic traits often show a continuous distribution (like the various sizes in this data), rather than distinct categories, resulting in a range of phenotypes.

Answer 8

Data is collected on the frequency of mountain bird songs at three different elevations. Data is collected from 100 birds at each elevation.

Low altitude: 80 below 1500 Hz
Medium altitude: 50 below 1500 Hz
High altitude: 20 below 1500 Hz

How does altitude relate to song frequency of birds?

(1 point)
Responses

Higher altitudes are correlated with lower song frequencies.
Higher altitudes are correlated with lower song frequencies.

Higher altitudes are correlated with higher song frequencies.
Higher altitudes are correlated with higher song frequencies.

Medium altitude has medium frequency songs.
Medium altitude has medium frequency songs.

Altitude does not affect bird song frequencies.
Altitude does not affect bird song frequencies.
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Answer 9

The correct response is:

Higher altitudes are correlated with lower song frequencies.

The data indicates that as altitude increases, the number of birds singing below 1500 Hz decreases, suggesting that at higher elevations, there are fewer birds producing lower frequency songs. Thus, there is a correlation between higher altitudes and lower song frequencies.