Here are the definitions for each of the terms you provided:
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A mixture made up of a solvent and a solute: Solution.
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Compounds with molecules that do not have a polar charge: Nonpolar compounds.
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Compounds with a positive or negative (polar) charge: Ionic compounds.
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A substance that is dissolved in a solvent: Solute.
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A substance that releases H+ ions into a solution: Acid.
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A substance that causes the release of OH- ions into a solution: Base.
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An atom or molecule that is charged due to a gain or loss in electrons: Ion.
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A scale with values from 0-14 that indicates how acidic or basic a solution is: pH scale.
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A substance that dissolves another substance: Solvent.
Feel free to ask if you need more information or clarification!