To most accurately predict changes in weather, the most helpful weather-based data for a meteorologist to track would be temperature and moisture levels of moving air masses.
This data provides critical insights into how air masses will interact, which can influence weather patterns significantly. Understanding the temperature and moisture content of air masses helps meteorologists predict phenomena such as storms, precipitation, and temperature changes. While the other options are also useful, tracking the characteristics of moving air masses provides a foundational understanding of upcoming weather changes.