Question 21
The American Revolution significantly transformed colonial society by introducing concepts of liberty and individual rights, leading to changes in social structures, governance, and the role of ordinary citizens. The war fostered a sense of unity among the colonies and promoted ideals of equality, which encouraged movements toward greater political participation, such as increased voting rights for free men. However, many aspects of colonial society remained unchanged; for instance, the established social hierarchies among wealthy landowners and enslaved individuals persisted, and women still faced significant limitations in their rights despite their contributions during the war. While the Revolution laid the groundwork for future social changes, it did not immediately dismantle the entrenched inequalities that existed prior to the conflict.
Question 22
The addition of the Bill of Rights was crucial in securing Anti-Federalist support for the Constitution, as it addressed their concerns about the potential for a strong central government to infringe upon individual liberties. The Anti-Federalists feared that without explicit protections for fundamental rights, citizens would be vulnerable to government overreach. By incorporating the Bill of Rights—comprising the first ten amendments that guarantee freedoms such as speech, religion, and assembly—the Constitution alleviated these fears and offered a safeguard against possible tyranny. Ultimately, the Bill of Rights helped to ensure broader acceptance of the new government framework, demonstrating a compromise that balanced federal power with individual liberties.
Question 23
The American Revolution led to economic hardships for many citizens, notably impacting farmers, laborers, and merchants who faced rising debts and inflation. After the war, soldiers returning home struggled to find work, and many rural areas experienced economic distress due to crop failures and a lack of markets, exacerbated by war-time disruptions. Citizens expressed their grievances through protests, most notably Shays' Rebellion in 1786, where discontented farmers rallied against oppressive tax policies and the loss of their farms. In response to these economic challenges, individuals mobilized to demand legislative reforms, including debt relief measures and modifications to tax laws aimed at alleviating their financial burdens. These actions highlight the heightened economic anxieties post-Revolution and illustrate how ordinary people sought to address their deteriorating conditions.