To find the number of black horses in the herd, you can start by subtracting the number of white horses from the total number of horses:
- Total horses = 88
- White horses = 31
Now calculate the number of black horses:
\[ \text{Number of black horses} = \text{Total horses} - \text{White horses} = 88 - 31 = 57 \]
Now we can find the ratio of black horses to all horses. The ratio is given by:
\[ \text{Ratio of black horses to all horses} = \frac{\text{Number of black horses}}{\text{Total horses}} = \frac{57}{88} \]
So, there are 57 black horses in the herd, and the ratio of black horses to all horses is \( \frac{57}{88} \).