It seems you're looking for a term related to Greek city-states. Here's a brief explanation of each term:
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Agora: A central public space in ancient Greek city-states used for assemblies and markets.
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Colony: A settlement established by a city-state in a distant territory, often to secure resources or trade routes.
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Peninsula: A landform surrounded by water on three sides, where many Greek city-states, like Athens, were located.
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Polis: A term for a city-state in ancient Greece, which was an independent, self-governing entity encompassing a city and its surrounding territory.
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Phalanx: A military formation used by Greek hoplites, consisting of rows of soldiers standing side by side, each protecting the one next to them.
If you are specifically looking for the term that directly refers to a Greek city-state, the answer is polis.