A) Explain how imperialism and nationalism contributed to the outbreak of World War 1. (6 points)

Answer 1

Imperialism and nationalism were key factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War 1.

Imperialism played a major role in causing tensions between major powers, such as Britain, France, and Germany. Imperialist competition for resources, colonies, and economic dominance created a sense of rivalry and hostility among these powers. For example, the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary in 1908 created tensions with Serbia, which sought to unite all Slavic people in the Balkans. This led to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914, which served as a trigger for the war. Imperial rivalry also caused a scramble for colonies in Africa and Asia, leading to conflicts in these regions.

Nationalism, on the other hand, created a strong sense of pride, unity, and loyalty towards one's own nation. It led people to believe their nation was superior and to foster strong feelings of patriotism. Nationalism was a significant factor in creating tension among different ethnic and linguistic groups, especially in the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires. For instance, the desire for independence among various ethnic groups, such as the Serbs, Czechs, and Slovaks, within these empires threatened their unity. This nationalist sentiment contributed to the outbreak of the war, particularly with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which was carried out by a Bosnian Serb nationalist.

Furthermore, nationalism exacerbated the arms race between countries as they sought to assert their power and superiority. Nations competed to build up their military capabilities, which further escalated tensions. For example, Germany's industriousness and desire for power, along with its assertion of militarism as a national ideology, increased fears among its rivals, particularly Britain, France, and Russia.

In conclusion, imperialism and nationalism were prominent causes of World War 1. The competition for resources, colonies, and economic dominance led to tensions among major powers, while the strong sense of pride and loyalty towards one's own nation fueled conflicts among ethnic and linguistic groups. Both factors contributed to an atmosphere of hostility and rivalry that ultimately led to the outbreak of the war.