A city with a population of 1,000,000 is growing at a rate of 15% per decade. The population of the city can be predicted using the exponential growth formula p(d)=1,000,000(1+0.15)^d

, where d is the number of decades past the current year.
Which of the following formulas would more specifically predict the population based on 2-year increments rather than a 10-year increment?
A. p(d)=1,000,000(1+0.03)
d

B. p(d)=1,000,000(1+0.60)
d

C. p(d)=1,000,000(1+0.05)
d

D. p(d)=1,000,000(5+0.15)
d

1 answer

To predict the population based on 2-year increments rather than a 10-year increment, we need to find the equivalent growth rate for 2 years based on the given growth rate for 10 years.

The original formula is:

\[ p(d) = 1,000,000(1 + 0.15)^d \]

Where \(d\) is the number of decades. Since 1 decade is equal to 10 years, we need to find the growth factor for a period of 2 years, which can be viewed as \(d = 0.2\) decades (since 2 years is 1/5 of a decade).

  1. Calculate the growth factor over 10 years:

\[ 1 + 0.15 = 1.15 \]

  1. For 2 years (which is 0.2 decades), we take the growth factor over 10 years to the power of 0.2:

\[ (1.15)^{0.2} \]

  1. To calculate this value:

\[ (1.15)^{0.2} \approx 1.02899 , (\text{approximately}) \]

Now, the approximate rate of increase for 2 years is:

\[ 1.02899 - 1 \approx 0.02899 \text{ or approximately } 0.03 \]

So, using this growth factor over each 2-year period, the new formula for the population every 2 years will be:

\[ p(d) = 1,000,000(1 + 0.03)^{d} \]

Where \(d\) is the number of 2-year increments.

Therefore, the correct option is:

A. \(p(d) = 1,000,000(1 + 0.03)^{d}\)

This predicts the population in 2-year increments based on the original growth rate.