Here are the answers to your questions:
Question 1: Based on the context you provided, a relevant phrase that might replace the question mark could be "competition for wealth." However, I'd need more information about the diagram to provide an accurate answer.
Question 2: The belief system that has its origins in Japan is Shintoism.
Question 3: The Chinese philosophy that emphasizes obedience and social harmony, later embraced by Japanese warriors, is Confucianism.
If you have more context or specific content from the diagram for Question 1, I can assist further!