1. People were worried that their souls might not get back into their bodies.

2. People were worried because their souls might not get back into their bodies.
(Are both the same? Is 'that....' an adverbial phrase?)

3. He was happy that she got the first prize in the speech contest.

4. He was happy because she got the first prize in the speech contest.

(Are both the same?)

5. He was surprised that he heard the news.

6. He was surprised because he heard the news.

7. He was surprised to hear the news.

(Are the three the same?)

1 answer

1 and 2 mean about the same. They are adverbial clauses, not adverbial phrases.

3 and 4 are about the same.

5 and 6 are about the same. The emphasis in 7 is on the news that he heard -- so it isn't the same as 5 and 6.