The correct answer is C: opposition by conservative political elites who saw the reforms as a threat to their power.
The Hundred Days of Reform in 1898 faced significant resistance from conservative officials and scholars within the Qing Dynasty, who believed that the changes proposed by reformers threatened their traditional privileges and power structures. This opposition ultimately led to the failure of these reforms.
While Emperor Guangxu and others were initially supportive, they were outmaneuvered and ultimately the reform movement was suppressed, along with its leaders. The other options do not accurately reflect the main reasons for the failure of the reform movement.