No problem! I'm here to help. Let's go through your remaining questions one by one:
1a. In a paragraph, give at least three things that could be done with used batteries.
Your answer:
1. Collection center that will deliver the lead-acid batteries to a smelter or recycling facility.
2. Household batteries such as alkaline and dry cell batteries that cannot be recycled may be discarded in the garbage. Nickel Cadmium (Ni-Cad), Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH), Lithium Ion (LiLon) and small lead batteries under 2 lb. (rechargeable) batteries can be recycled free of charge.
3. Buy products that don’t require batteries, such as kinetic watches and solar-powered calculators. Find out when your town has a collection for household hazardous waste or encourage your town officials to schedule one. Return car batteries for recycling.
b. Which solution is best for the environment?
To determine which solution is best for the environment, we need to consider the impact and sustainability of each option. Recycling batteries is generally considered the best solution for the environment because it prevents harmful metals and chemicals from leaching into the soil and water. However, it's important to note that not all batteries can be effectively recycled due to the lack of universally available and cost-effective recycling processes. Therefore, the best solution for the environment would be to prioritize recycling batteries that can be effectively recycled and advocate for the development of better recycling technologies for the ones that currently cannot.
c. Which solution is cheapest?
Determining the cheapest solution depends on various factors such as the scale of the battery disposal operation, the availability of recycling facilities, and the cost of alternative disposal methods. Generally, recycling batteries that can be effectively recycled may involve some costs, such as transportation and processing fees. On the other hand, disposing of certain batteries in the garbage or landfill may initially appear cheaper, but it can have long-term environmental and health costs. Ultimately, the cost-effectiveness of different solutions would vary depending on the specific circumstances and considerations of each situation.
7. What is the concentration of the aqueous solutions for the standard cells?
The concentration of the aqueous solutions for the standard cells is defined under specific conditions: a temperature of 25°C, a gas pressure of 1 atmosphere, and an ion concentration of 1 molar. For example, the standard hydrogen cell has a concentration of 1 molar H+ and a pressure of 1 atm.
11. How does an application of paint, a plastic coating, or metal plating to a piece of iron prevent the corrosion of the iron?
When paint, a plastic coating, or metal plating is applied to a piece of iron, it acts as a barrier between the iron and the surrounding environment. These coatings physically block the iron from coming into contact with oxygen, water, and other corrosive substances present in the atmosphere. By preventing direct contact with these corrosive elements, the coatings effectively impede the corrosion process, preserving the integrity and durability of the iron material.
12. A student is asked to choose a metal that would serve as a sacrificial anode for an expensive nickel component. Which metal would be appropriate? Explain your choice.
In the context of sacrificial anodes, a metal is selected that has a higher tendency to undergo corrosion compared to the expensive metal component it is meant to protect. The sacrificial anode sacrifices itself by corroding in order to prevent the corrosion of the valuable metal. One suitable metal for this purpose is magnesium. Magnesium has a greater tendency to lose electrons (oxidizes) compared to iron, copper, or nickel. Hence, when coupled with the expensive nickel component, magnesium will corrode sacrificially, protecting the nickel from corrosion damage.
I hope this helps! Let me know if you have any more questions.