To accurately summarize the expansion of the Muslim Empires through the lens of cause and effect, the best response would be:
Causes Effects leadership changes and military conquest The Umayyad Caliphate expanded to Syria and centralized Islamic power. political revolts The Abbasid Caliphate expanded to Iraq and developed socially and culturally.
This option captures both the causes (leadership changes and military conquest) and effects (expansion and development) of the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates correctly, reflecting their historical context and significant developments. The Umayyad Caliphate is known for its expansion into Syria and centralization of power, while the Abbasid Caliphate, following political revolts, expanded into Iraq and is recognized for its cultural and social developments.