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6. what is the "microtubules? in 1 short sentences.

7. what role does mitosis plain in the growth and development of an organism? in 1 short sentence.
8. why are embryonic stem cells more important than other types of stem cells? in 1 short sentence.
9. how is cell differentiation different from mitosis? in 1 short sentence.
10. describe the similarities and differences between mitosis and binary fission? in 1 short sentence.
11. why is DNA found in both the nucleus and in the mitochondria? what is the advantage of doing this? in 1 short sentence.
12. describe the phases/stages of a stem cell. What is the most likely type of cells that form during the first divisions?
13. starting with DNA and ending with proteins, list and describe the process of gene expression. in 1 sentence.
14. which cell type would be most likely to put off senescence and terminal differentiation so it could continue to replicate in order to grow and repair? in 1 short sentence.
9.

1 answer

  1. Microtubules are cylindrical protein structures that are part of the cytoskeleton and play essential roles in maintaining cell shape, enabling intracellular transport, and facilitating cell division.

  2. Mitosis is crucial for the growth and development of an organism as it allows for the production of new cells needed for tissue growth and repair.

  3. Embryonic stem cells are more important than other types of stem cells because they are pluripotent and can differentiate into any cell type in the body.

  4. Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized for specific functions, whereas mitosis is the process of cell division that creates identical daughter cells.

  5. Mitosis is a type of cell division that occurs in eukaryotic cells involving multiple phases and produces two genetically identical daughter cells, while binary fission is a simpler process of cell division in prokaryotes that splits a single cell into two genetically identical cells without complex phases.

  6. DNA is found in both the nucleus and mitochondria because the nucleus contains the majority of genetic information needed for cell function, while mitochondrial DNA supports energy production, and having it in two locations allows for more efficient cellular respiration and energy management.

  7. The phases of a stem cell involve a series of divisions that lead to gradually more specialized cells, with the most likely type of cells formed during the first divisions being undifferentiated blastomeres.

  8. Gene expression is the process by which DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus, and then translated into proteins by ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

  9. Adult stem cells are most likely to put off senescence and terminal differentiation to continue replicating for growth and repair.