What are vector components?

Answer 1

It is how much of the vector is in each chosen direction.
Usually you chose component directions that are perpendicular to each other such as x, y, and z axes in your conventional coordinate system. Sometimes you might choose East, North and Up. This choice of directions perpendicular to each other prevents the components from influencing each other and is called "orthogonal" coordinates.
You need as many component directions as you have dimensions. For example on a plane, x and y (or east and north) will do.
Now the component of a vector in a direction along a coordinate is the magnitude of the vector times the cosine of the angle between the vector and the coordinate direction.
For example if you are headed 30 degrees north of east on a plane surface at 10 km/hr, that vector can be expressed by its "components" in the east and north directions.
The component in the East direction is:
10 cos(30 degrees) km/hr
The component in the north direction is:
10 cos(60 degrees) km/hr

Answer 2

i don't get it