51. How do the monsoons and the mountains influence the climate in South Asia? Include in your answer an analysis of how monsoons can be responsible for survival and hardship in this region.
Seasonal shifts in the winds are called monsoons. In winter, the winds blow from the northeast and carry dry air from Asia’s mainland to most of South Asia. On the other hand, in the summer, the winds reverse directions and pick up moisture from the warm Indian Ocean. Then they drop heavy rains as they move over the land.
When summer monsoon winds meet the mountain ranges, they release their moisture while being pushed upward. The land to the east is hot and dry because the Western Ghats blocks the rain.
South Asia, for the most part, is hot and dry for half of the year. Farmers patiently wait for the monsoons to arrive and give life to their crops. However, if the rain hits too hard, chances are pretty high that the low-land areas might face the danger of floods. Still, other areas can be threatened by landslides.
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