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sson #36 – French Revolution
Who was in the First Estate?
Who was in the Second Estate?
Who was in the Third Estate?
How did the American Revolution affect the French Revolution?
What was the problem with the way the Estates-General held voting?
When delegates of the 3rd Estate walked out of the Estates-General, what did they do? Where did they go?
What did the poor people of Paris do in the early summer of 1789 while waiting for the National Assembly to come up with a solution to France’s problems?
Describe the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
When radical revolutionaries took over Paris in April 1792, why did they call a meeting of the National Convention?
What happened during the Reign of Terror?
Who was Maximillian Robespierre?
Describe the Directory.
Why did the Directory end?
Describe the Consulate.
Who would claim power from the Consulate in 1800?
Lesson #37 – Napoleon
What event brought Napoleon’s name to the forefront of France?
How did Napoleon take control in France?
What transaction signaled Napoleon’s intent to cut his losses in the New World?
What countries allied together against Napoleon and France?
What did Napoleon set up as a way to cut England off from Europe?
Napoleon attempted to attack Portugal in 1808, but suffered heavy losses in the process. What was this event called?
Why was Napoleon’s invasion of Russia such a tragic mistake?
What two islands was Napoleon exiled to?
After Napoleon’s escape from Elba, he returned to France for one last bid for power, in a period of time called:
What battle signaled the end of Napoleon’s power in Europe?
Lesson #38 – Latin American Revolutions
Name, in order, the levels of Spain’s colonial hierarchy.
What were the overall causes of the revolutions in Latin America?
Who led the revolution in Haiti?
What were the main reasons for the Haitian revolution?
Who were the two leaders of the revolutions in South America?
What two groups from the social structure led the revolution in Mexico?
What types of governments were put into place in the newly formed Latin American countries?
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Lesson #36 – French Revolution
- Who was in the First Estate?
The clergy (higher and lower members of the Church).
- Who was in the Second Estate?
The nobility (aristocrats with privileges).
- Who was in the Third Estate?
Commoners: bourgeoisie (middle class), urban workers, peasants.
- How did the American Revolution affect the French Revolution?
It spread Enlightenment ideas about liberty and popular government and worsened France’s debt because France supported the American war, deepening the fiscal crisis.
- What was the problem with the way the Estates-General held voting?
Each estate got one collective vote, so the First and Second Estates could outvote the much larger Third Estate, making representation unfair.
- When delegates of the 3rd Estate walked out of the Estates-General, what did they do? Where did they go?
They formed the National Assembly and met at an indoor tennis court where they took the Tennis Court Oath to write a new constitution.
- What did the poor people of Paris do in the early summer of 1789 while waiting for the National Assembly to come up with a solution to France’s problems?
They rioted over food shortages and stormed the Bastille on July 14, 1789, and formed militias like the National Guard.
- Describe the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
A revolutionary statement proclaiming natural rights (liberty, property, security), equality before the law, and popular sovereignty inspired by Enlightenment ideas.
- When radical revolutionaries took over Paris in April 1792, why did they call a meeting of the National Convention?
To abolish the monarchy, create a republic, and decide the fate of King Louis XVI.
- What happened during the Reign of Terror?
The Committee of Public Safety executed and imprisoned thousands suspected of counterrevolution (many by guillotine) to suppress opposition from 1793–1794.
- Who was Maximillian Robespierre?
A leading Jacobin and head of the Committee of Public Safety who dominated the Reign of Terror until his execution in 1794.
- Describe the Directory.
A five-member executive government (1795–1799) that was moderate but corrupt, unstable, and struggled with economic and political problems.
- Why did the Directory end?
It was weak and unpopular and was overthrown by Napoleon’s coup (18 Brumaire) in 1799.
- Describe the Consulate.
The government after the Directory (1799–1804) with three consuls but real power held by Napoleon as First Consul, stabilizing France while limiting freedoms.
- Who would claim power from the Consulate in 1800?
Napoleon Bonaparte consolidated power as First Consul (already dominant by 1800) and later became emperor.
Lesson #37 – Napoleon
- What event brought Napoleon’s name to the forefront of France?
His military successes, especially his role in recapturing Toulon (1793) and his victories in the Italian campaign, made him famous.
- How did Napoleon take control in France?
By leading the coup of 18 Brumaire (1799) that overthrew the Directory and established the Consulate with him as First Consul.
- What transaction signaled Napoleon’s intent to cut his losses in the New World?
The Louisiana Purchase (1803), selling French territory to the United States.
- What countries allied together against Napoleon and France?
Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia were the main powers that formed coalitions against him.
- What did Napoleon set up as a way to cut England off from Europe?
The Continental System, a blockade aimed at isolating Britain economically.
- Napoleon attempted to attack Portugal in 1808, but suffered heavy losses in the process. What was this event called?
The Peninsular War (fighting across Spain and Portugal with brutal guerrilla warfare).
- Why was Napoleon’s invasion of Russia such a tragic mistake?
The Russians used scorched-earth tactics and the harsh winter, lengthening supply lines and causing massive French losses on the retreat.
- What two islands was Napoleon exiled to?
Elba (first exile) and Saint Helena (final exile).
- After Napoleon’s escape from Elba, he returned to France for one last bid for power, in a period of time called:
The Hundred Days.
- What battle signaled the end of Napoleon’s power in Europe?
The Battle of Waterloo (1815).
Lesson #38 – Latin American Revolutions
- Name, in order, the levels of Spain’s colonial hierarchy.
Peninsulares (born in Spain), Creoles (Spanish descent born in the Americas), Mestizos/Mulattoes (mixed race), then indigenous peoples and enslaved Africans at the bottom.
- What were the overall causes of the revolutions in Latin America?
Enlightenment ideas, social and racial inequality, economic restrictions under Spanish rule, and Spain’s weakening during the Napoleonic Wars.
- Who led the revolution in Haiti?
Toussaint L’Ouverture (with Jean-Jacques Dessalines completing independence).
- What were the main reasons for the Haitian revolution?
Brutal slavery, desire for freedom and equality, and inspiration from the French Revolution.
- Who were the two leaders of the revolutions in South America?
Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.
- What two groups from the social structure led the revolution in Mexico?
Creoles and mestizos (with popular support from indigenous peoples and peasants).
- What types of governments were put into place in the newly formed Latin American countries?
Mostly republics or constitutional governments that often became unstable and were frequently dominated by military leaders (caudillos).
- Who was in the First Estate?
The clergy (higher and lower members of the Church).
- Who was in the Second Estate?
The nobility (aristocrats with privileges).
- Who was in the Third Estate?
Commoners: bourgeoisie (middle class), urban workers, peasants.
- How did the American Revolution affect the French Revolution?
It spread Enlightenment ideas about liberty and popular government and worsened France’s debt because France supported the American war, deepening the fiscal crisis.
- What was the problem with the way the Estates-General held voting?
Each estate got one collective vote, so the First and Second Estates could outvote the much larger Third Estate, making representation unfair.
- When delegates of the 3rd Estate walked out of the Estates-General, what did they do? Where did they go?
They formed the National Assembly and met at an indoor tennis court where they took the Tennis Court Oath to write a new constitution.
- What did the poor people of Paris do in the early summer of 1789 while waiting for the National Assembly to come up with a solution to France’s problems?
They rioted over food shortages and stormed the Bastille on July 14, 1789, and formed militias like the National Guard.
- Describe the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
A revolutionary statement proclaiming natural rights (liberty, property, security), equality before the law, and popular sovereignty inspired by Enlightenment ideas.
- When radical revolutionaries took over Paris in April 1792, why did they call a meeting of the National Convention?
To abolish the monarchy, create a republic, and decide the fate of King Louis XVI.
- What happened during the Reign of Terror?
The Committee of Public Safety executed and imprisoned thousands suspected of counterrevolution (many by guillotine) to suppress opposition from 1793–1794.
- Who was Maximillian Robespierre?
A leading Jacobin and head of the Committee of Public Safety who dominated the Reign of Terror until his execution in 1794.
- Describe the Directory.
A five-member executive government (1795–1799) that was moderate but corrupt, unstable, and struggled with economic and political problems.
- Why did the Directory end?
It was weak and unpopular and was overthrown by Napoleon’s coup (18 Brumaire) in 1799.
- Describe the Consulate.
The government after the Directory (1799–1804) with three consuls but real power held by Napoleon as First Consul, stabilizing France while limiting freedoms.
- Who would claim power from the Consulate in 1800?
Napoleon Bonaparte consolidated power as First Consul (already dominant by 1800) and later became emperor.
Lesson #37 – Napoleon
- What event brought Napoleon’s name to the forefront of France?
His military successes, especially his role in recapturing Toulon (1793) and his victories in the Italian campaign, made him famous.
- How did Napoleon take control in France?
By leading the coup of 18 Brumaire (1799) that overthrew the Directory and established the Consulate with him as First Consul.
- What transaction signaled Napoleon’s intent to cut his losses in the New World?
The Louisiana Purchase (1803), selling French territory to the United States.
- What countries allied together against Napoleon and France?
Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia were the main powers that formed coalitions against him.
- What did Napoleon set up as a way to cut England off from Europe?
The Continental System, a blockade aimed at isolating Britain economically.
- Napoleon attempted to attack Portugal in 1808, but suffered heavy losses in the process. What was this event called?
The Peninsular War (fighting across Spain and Portugal with brutal guerrilla warfare).
- Why was Napoleon’s invasion of Russia such a tragic mistake?
The Russians used scorched-earth tactics and the harsh winter, lengthening supply lines and causing massive French losses on the retreat.
- What two islands was Napoleon exiled to?
Elba (first exile) and Saint Helena (final exile).
- After Napoleon’s escape from Elba, he returned to France for one last bid for power, in a period of time called:
The Hundred Days.
- What battle signaled the end of Napoleon’s power in Europe?
The Battle of Waterloo (1815).
Lesson #38 – Latin American Revolutions
- Name, in order, the levels of Spain’s colonial hierarchy.
Peninsulares (born in Spain), Creoles (Spanish descent born in the Americas), Mestizos/Mulattoes (mixed race), then indigenous peoples and enslaved Africans at the bottom.
- What were the overall causes of the revolutions in Latin America?
Enlightenment ideas, social and racial inequality, economic restrictions under Spanish rule, and Spain’s weakening during the Napoleonic Wars.
- Who led the revolution in Haiti?
Toussaint L’Ouverture (with Jean-Jacques Dessalines completing independence).
- What were the main reasons for the Haitian revolution?
Brutal slavery, desire for freedom and equality, and inspiration from the French Revolution.
- Who were the two leaders of the revolutions in South America?
Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín.
- What two groups from the social structure led the revolution in Mexico?
Creoles and mestizos (with popular support from indigenous peoples and peasants).
- What types of governments were put into place in the newly formed Latin American countries?
Mostly republics or constitutional governments that often became unstable and were frequently dominated by military leaders (caudillos).
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