Question

What did Rudyard Kipling define as the "the white man's burden"? a. an unfortunate history of racism tied to European cultures b. a responsibility to liberate foreign nations from colonization c. a duty to civilize foreigners with the spread of European culture d. an increasing necessity to defend Western nations in military conflicts

Answer 1

c. He meant a paternalistic duty to "civilize" non-European peoples by spreading European culture and governance — a justification for imperialism rather than liberation.