Question

is a point in a cladogram where a single ancestral lineage breaks into two or more descendant lineages.

is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all of its descendants.

is any named group of organisms, whether they form a clade or not.

Answer 1

1) Node (branch point) — the point where one lineage splits into two or more.
2) Clade (monophyletic group) — an ancestor and all its descendants.
3) Taxon (plural: taxa) — any named group of organisms, clade or not.