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definition of refugee
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A refugee is a person who has fled their country because they have a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, and who is unable or unwilling to return to that country or to seek its protection.
This is the core legal definition found in the 1951 UN Refugee Convention (and used by UNHCR). Key points:
- Fear must be well-founded (objective and reasonable).
- Persecution must be for one of the specified grounds (race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, political opinion).
- The person must be outside their country of origin and unable or unwilling to avail themselves of that country’s protection.
Note: An "asylum seeker" is someone who says they are a refugee and is seeking official recognition; they become a refugee once their claim is granted. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain inside their country and are not refugees under this definition.
This is the core legal definition found in the 1951 UN Refugee Convention (and used by UNHCR). Key points:
- Fear must be well-founded (objective and reasonable).
- Persecution must be for one of the specified grounds (race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, political opinion).
- The person must be outside their country of origin and unable or unwilling to avail themselves of that country’s protection.
Note: An "asylum seeker" is someone who says they are a refugee and is seeking official recognition; they become a refugee once their claim is granted. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) remain inside their country and are not refugees under this definition.
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