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limited private ownership of land is deng Xiaoping or mao Zedong

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Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
Deng Xiaoping.

Mao abolished private land ownership in favor of collective farms and state control (especially during the 1950s collectivization and the commune period). Deng’s reforms (starting around 1978) introduced the household responsibility system and market reforms that effectively restored limited private use and enterprise rights—giving households and individuals de facto land-use and property rights even though rural land remained collectively owned and urban land state-owned. Formal legal protections for private property were only developed later.