Question

Smallpox is a virus that causes a rash that then turns into painful blisters. The last known case of smallpox was in 1977. What is the best explanation for the eradication of smallpox?
People are exercising more than they used to.
Genetic testing determines who is more prone to smallpox.
There was an increase in antibacterial products.
An effective vaccine was developed.
When a person sees a doctor about a respiratory illness, the doctor will want to determine if the sickness is in the upper respiratory tract or the lower respiratory tract. The starting point for the lower respiratory system is the trachea.

Which structures are part of the upper respiratory system? Select three options.

the larynx
the bronchus
the alveoli
the lungs
the pharynx
the nose
Antoinette was diagnosed with hypertension, a noncommunicable disease in which her blood pressure is higher than normal. What is the most likely explanation for why she is hypertensive?
She had a diet high in salt intake.
She did not wash her hands enough.
She was bitten by a mosquito.
She was never vaccinated against hypertension.
Which most clearly shows evolutionary relationships between species?
binomial nomenclature
phylogenetic tree
common name
morphological data
farmer has applied a pesticide to control a pest population that is affecting her crops. The pest population has reacted as shown below.

A chart begins with 4 green bugs and 1 brown bug. The brown bug survives and produces brown offspring.
Which best describes the process that the pest population has experienced due to this environmental change?
genetic diversity
natural selection
natural resistance
gene flow
Kudzu is a vine that was brought to the United States from Japan to prevent erosion. Once here, kudzu became invasive. What role does kudzu most likely play in the environment in the United States?
Kudzu experiences loss due to overeating by livestock.
Kudzu is very susceptible to harsh winter conditions.
Kudzu outcompetes native plants for sunlight and nutrients.
Kudzu reproduces at a slow rate.
The sketch shows a rynchosaur, an extinct animal that is known only from fossils. There has been much debate about the classification of these creatures. Some scientists suggest that they belong with primitive amphibians, and some think they are related to snakes and lizards. The data equally support both cases.

A rynchosaur is shown.

Which statement best explains how to draw a cladogram that includes the rynchosaur?
Draw the cladogram for amphibians.
Draw the cladogram for reptiles.
Draw two cladograms, both showing the traits, and leave it as a hypothesis.
Draw two cladograms, both showing the traits, and have scientists vote.
What is likely to happen to a healthy population that is experiencing exponential growth?
It will eventually reach its carrying capacity.
It will experience a population crash.
It will go extinct in the near future.
It will continue to grow exponentially indefinitely.
Before the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, most peppered moths found in and around Manchester, England, exhibited light-colored wings speckled with black. After the Industrial Revolution, peppered moths with dark wings became predominant in the area.

mc019-1.jpgmc019-2.jpg

Which term best describes the change from more light-colored moths to more dark-colored moths?
competition
evolution
acquired
overpopulation
Hyenas and lions have fierce battles over food. Which type of relationship does this describe?
parasitism
commensalism
predation
competition

Answer 1

1) Best explanation for eradication of smallpox:
- An effective vaccine was developed.

2) Which structures are part of the upper respiratory system? (Select three)
- the larynx
- the pharynx
- the nose

3) Most likely explanation for Antoinette’s hypertension:
- She had a diet high in salt intake.

4) Which most clearly shows evolutionary relationships between species?
- phylogenetic tree

5) Pest population after pesticide (brown survives and reproduces):
- natural selection

6) Role kudzu most likely plays in the U.S. environment:
- Kudzu outcompetes native plants for sunlight and nutrients.

7) How to draw a cladogram that includes the rynchosaur when data equally support two placements:
- Draw two cladograms, both showing the traits, and leave it as a hypothesis.

8) Likely outcome for a healthy population experiencing exponential growth:
- It will eventually reach its carrying capacity.

9) Change from mostly light-colored moths to mostly dark-colored moths after industrialization:
- evolution

10) Relationship between hyenas and lions fighting over food:
- competition