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Summarize the steps of CPR
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Brief, practical CPR steps (adult-focused). This is a summary — take a certified CPR course for hands‑on practice and complete guidance.
1. Ensure safety and check responsiveness
- Make scene safe. Tap and shout to see if person responds.
2. Activate emergency response
- If unresponsive, call 911 (or your local emergency number) and send someone to get an AED. If you are alone with a child/infant and the arrest was unwitnessed, perform ~2 minutes of CPR first, then call.
3. Check breathing and pulse (≤10 seconds)
- If not breathing normally (gasping is not normal) and no pulse or you are not confident in feeling a pulse, begin CPR.
4. Chest compressions (start immediately)
- Hand placement: center of chest (lower half of sternum).
- Rate: 100–120 compressions per minute.
- Depth: about 2–2.4 inches (5–6 cm) for adults.
- Allow full chest recoil after each compression.
- Minimize interruptions.
5. Rescue breaths (if trained)
- After 30 compressions, give 2 breaths:
- Open airway (head tilt–chin lift), pinch nose, give 2 breaths over ~1 second each, watch for chest rise.
- If breaths don’t go in, reposition and try again.
- Continue cycles of 30 compressions : 2 breaths.
6. If untrained or unwilling to give breaths
- Do hands‑only CPR: continuous chest compressions at 100–120/min until help arrives or victim responds.
7. Use an AED as soon as available
- Turn it on, attach pads to bare chest, follow voice prompts.
- Clear the victim for analysis and shock if advised.
- Resume CPR immediately after shock (or if no shock advised).
8. Continue until
- Advanced help takes over, the person shows signs of life, you are too exhausted to continue, or the scene becomes unsafe.
Key variations and tips
- Two-rescuer teams: rotate compressors every ~2 minutes to avoid fatigue.
- Children (1 year to puberty): compress ~2 inches (5 cm); infants (<1 year): compress ~1.5 inches (4 cm).
- For single rescuer with child/infant after a witnessed collapse, call first; if unwitnessed, perform ~2 minutes of CPR before calling.
- For infants use two fingers (single rescuer) or two‑thumb encircling technique (two rescuers).
- Don’t delay compressions to check pulse if you’re not sure.
This summary is not a substitute for a certified course. Consider taking an AHA/Red Cross CPR class to practice skills and learn AED use.
1. Ensure safety and check responsiveness
- Make scene safe. Tap and shout to see if person responds.
2. Activate emergency response
- If unresponsive, call 911 (or your local emergency number) and send someone to get an AED. If you are alone with a child/infant and the arrest was unwitnessed, perform ~2 minutes of CPR first, then call.
3. Check breathing and pulse (≤10 seconds)
- If not breathing normally (gasping is not normal) and no pulse or you are not confident in feeling a pulse, begin CPR.
4. Chest compressions (start immediately)
- Hand placement: center of chest (lower half of sternum).
- Rate: 100–120 compressions per minute.
- Depth: about 2–2.4 inches (5–6 cm) for adults.
- Allow full chest recoil after each compression.
- Minimize interruptions.
5. Rescue breaths (if trained)
- After 30 compressions, give 2 breaths:
- Open airway (head tilt–chin lift), pinch nose, give 2 breaths over ~1 second each, watch for chest rise.
- If breaths don’t go in, reposition and try again.
- Continue cycles of 30 compressions : 2 breaths.
6. If untrained or unwilling to give breaths
- Do hands‑only CPR: continuous chest compressions at 100–120/min until help arrives or victim responds.
7. Use an AED as soon as available
- Turn it on, attach pads to bare chest, follow voice prompts.
- Clear the victim for analysis and shock if advised.
- Resume CPR immediately after shock (or if no shock advised).
8. Continue until
- Advanced help takes over, the person shows signs of life, you are too exhausted to continue, or the scene becomes unsafe.
Key variations and tips
- Two-rescuer teams: rotate compressors every ~2 minutes to avoid fatigue.
- Children (1 year to puberty): compress ~2 inches (5 cm); infants (<1 year): compress ~1.5 inches (4 cm).
- For single rescuer with child/infant after a witnessed collapse, call first; if unwitnessed, perform ~2 minutes of CPR before calling.
- For infants use two fingers (single rescuer) or two‑thumb encircling technique (two rescuers).
- Don’t delay compressions to check pulse if you’re not sure.
This summary is not a substitute for a certified course. Consider taking an AHA/Red Cross CPR class to practice skills and learn AED use.
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