Question

Peppered moths use the adaptation of camouflage as protection from predators. They may have a variety of colors or shades, but before the Industrial Revolution, they were typically white with black speckles. The Industrial Revolution in the 1880s introduced large-scale pollution into the environment. The pollution resulted in widespread, dark-colored staining of buildings and trees.

Which of the following was the most likely effect of the Industrial Revolution on peppered moths in cities?
A.
The population of light-colored moths decreased and the population of dark-colored moths increased.
B.
The peppered moths developed a tolerance to smog and chemical waste.
C.
Over time, the white, speckled moths were outnumbered by plain white moths.
D.
The peppered moths adapted an improved sense of sight and smell.

Answer 1

A.

Explanation: Pollution darkened tree bark, so light-colored (speckled) moths became more visible to predators and were eaten more often. Dark (melanic) moths were better camouflaged and survived to reproduce, so their numbers increased (industrial melanism). The other choices describe traits not supported by the camouflage/selective-predation scenario.