Question

What are two ways that new land is created to start Primary Succession?
1 – __________________________________________________________________________
2 – __________________________________________________________________________
3 - What is the term for the first organisms to inhabit new land in Primary Succession?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4 - What are two examples of the first organisms (#3) to inhabit new land in Primary Succession?
1 – __________________________________________________________________________
2 – __________________________________________________________________________
5 - What are two types of plants that are the first to grow in Primary Succession?
1 – __________________________________________________________________________
2 – __________________________________________________________________________
6 - What are two ways that large trees replace small trees in Primary Succession?
1 –__________________________________________________________________________
2 – __________________________________________________________________________
7 - What is the term for the final stage in Primary Succession?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
8 - Define Secondary Succession:
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Answer 1

1 – Volcanic lava flows that cool into new rock (new islands)
2 – Glaciers retreating and exposing bare rock (also uplifted land or new sand dunes)

3 – Pioneer species (the first organisms to colonize bare substrate)

4 – 1 – Lichens
2 – Mosses

5 – 1 – Mosses
2 – Grasses (or other early herbaceous plants)

6 – 1 – Larger trees outcompete smaller ones for light, water, and nutrients (shading and resource competition)
2 – Soil development (more organic matter and deeper, richer soil) allows larger-rooted tree species to establish and replace pioneer trees

7 – Climax community (the relatively stable, final stage of succession)

8 – Secondary succession is the series of ecological changes that occur where a community has been disturbed or removed but soil (and often seeds or roots) remains — e.g., recovery after fire, logging, or farming; it proceeds faster than primary succession.