Question

Example of longitudinal wave :
Example of transverse wave:
Examples:

Answer 1

A longitudinal wave is one in which the particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. A transverse wave is one in which the particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction of propagation.

Examples of longitudinal waves
- Sound waves in air (compressions and rarefactions travel along the direction of propagation)
- Ultrasound in medical imaging (pressure waves through tissue)
- P-waves (primary seismic waves) in earthquakes (compressional waves through Earth)
- Waves in a slinky when you push and pull along its length
- Pressure pulses in fluids (e.g., pressure waves in pipelines)
- Longitudinal modes in solids (compressional waves in rods)

Examples of transverse waves
- Light and all electromagnetic waves (electric and magnetic fields oscillate perpendicular to travel direction)
- Waves on a string or guitar/violin string (displacement perpendicular to the string)
- S-waves (secondary seismic waves) in earthquakes (shear waves)
- Waves on a rope when flicked
- Surface ripples on water (note: true water-surface waves involve both transverse and longitudinal motion of water particles)
- Polarized waves (only transverse waves can be polarized, e.g., polarized light)

If you want, I can give diagrams, animations, or simple demonstrations (e.g., how to show longitudinal vs transverse using a slinky and a rope).