Question

what is the vacuole bigger in plant cells

Answer 1

You mean “Why is the vacuole bigger in plant cells?” — short answer: because the large central vacuole performs several jobs that let plants stay upright, grow cheaply, store materials and control their internal chemistry. Plant cells typically have one large central vacuole that can occupy 30–90% of the cell volume; animal cells have many small vacuoles/vesicles.

Key reasons and functions
- Turgor (hydrostatic) pressure: by filling with water, the vacuole presses the cytoplasm against the cell wall and keeps the plant rigid and erect.
- Cheap cell growth: expanding the central vacuole by taking up water increases cell size without synthesizing lots of new cytoplasm, which saves energy and materials.
- Storage: stores water, ions, sugars, amino acids, pigments, and waste products (and sometimes toxic compounds for defense).
- Osmotic and ionic balance: the vacuole sequesters ions and solutes to control cell water potential and pH.
- Digestion and recycling: contains hydrolytic enzymes and functions like a lysosome in breaking down macromolecules; special storage vacuoles (e.g., seed protein vacuoles) also exist.
- Defense and pigmentation: stores secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids) and pigments (e.g., anthocyanins) that deter herbivores and attract pollinators.

Mechanism in brief
The tonoplast (vacuole membrane) pumps/transporters move solutes into the vacuole → water follows by osmosis → vacuole volume increases, producing turgor and enabling growth.

If you want, I can show a simple diagram, give numbers for particular cell types, or compare vacuoles in different plant tissues.