Asked by michelle

Diagnostics used in multiple myeloma include:
albumin and beta-2 microglobulin
quantification of proteins in the urine
free light chain assays in the blood
bone marrow for cytogenic analysis
All of the above

All Answers 1

Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
All of the above.

Briefly:
- Serum albumin and β2‑microglobulin are used in the ISS staging system.
- Quantitative urine protein (24‑hr protein, urine electrophoresis/immunofixation) detects Bence‑Jones/light‑chain excretion.
- Serum free light‑chain assays identify and quantify light‑chain disease and help monitor response.
- Bone marrow biopsy with cytogenetics/FISH provides diagnosis confirmation and prognostic risk stratification.