Question

Address for Working Men to President Lincoln, Printed in the Manchester Guardian (UK)
January 1st, 1863

TO PRESIDENT LINCOLN –
As citizens of Manchester [England], assembled at the Free-Trade Hall, we beg to express our fraternal sentiments toward you and your country. We rejoice in your greatness as an outgrowth of England, whose blood and language you share, whose orderly and legal freedom you have applied to new circumstances, over a region immeasurably greater than our own. We honor your Free States, as a singularly happy abode for the working millions where industry is honored.
One thing alone has, in the past, lessened our sympathy with your country and our confidence in it; we mean the ascendancy of politicians who not merely maintained Negro slavery, but desired to extend and root it more firmly.
Since we have discerned, however, that the victory of the free north, in the war which has so sorely distressed us as well as afflicted you, will strike off the fetters of the slave, you have attracted our warm and earnest sympathy. We joyfully honor you, as the President, and the Congress with you, for many decisive steps toward practically exemplifying your belief in the words of your great founders: 'All men are created free and equal.’
Question 8: British workers and the Civil War
The Address for Working Men to President Lincoln challenges Confederate foreign policy by:
A. Rejecting the legitimacy of the Union blockade
B. Supporting free trade over protectionism
C. Prioritizing moral opposition to slavery over economic self-interest
D. Endorsing Southern independence
Reconstruction After the Civil War by John Hope Franklin
Their [the Redeemers] consequent determination to maintain their own powerful position led not only to incredible schemes to disenfranchise blacks, but also to the decline of white manhood suffrage. Last-minute changes to polling places, long, complicated ballots, and even literacy tests could hardly have been calculated to encourage the common white populace to exercise the franchise. Effective political power therefore remained where it has been before the war—with an oligarchy, a small ruling clique that wielded power far out of proportion to its numerical strength.
Question 9: Reconstruction and political power
In Reconstruction After the Civil War, John Hope Franklin argues that Redeemer governments:
A. Expanded democratic participation for poor whites
B. Successfully integrated African Americans into politics
C. Concentrated power in the hands of a small elite
D. Reduced economic inequality across the South
Speech by Susan B. Anthony "Is it a crime for a U.S. Citizen to Vote?" January 16, 1873
Clearly, then, if the 14th amendment was not to secure to black men their right to vote, it did nothing for them, since they possessed everything else before. But if it was meant to be a prohibition of the states to deny or abridge their right to vote, which I fully believe, then it did the same for "all persons"—white women included— "born or naturalized in the United States"; the amendment does not say all "male" persons of "African" descent, but all persons are citizens.
Question 10: Susan B. Anthony and the Fourteenth Amendment
In her 1873 speech, Susan B. Anthony argues that the Fourteenth Amendment:
A. Was intended to grant voting rights only to Black men
B. Reinforced states’ rights over suffrage laws
C. Should guarantee voting rights to women as citizens
D. Failed to define citizenship clearly

Answer 1

Question 8: C. Prioritizing moral opposition to slavery over economic self-interest.
- The Manchester address emphasizes sympathy for the North because its victory would "strike off the fetters of the slave," showing moral opposition to slavery outweighs economic concerns.

Question 9: C. Concentrated power in the hands of a small elite.
- Franklin describes tactics (polling changes, literacy tests, complicated ballots) that disenfranchised many and left effective power with an oligarchy.

Question 10: C. Should guarantee voting rights to women as citizens.
- Anthony argues the 14th Amendment’s phrase "all persons" includes women, so it should secure their voting rights as citizens.