Question

What does the word recruited mean in paragraph 5 of the passage?


detained


selected


reviewed


convinced

Reading Passage
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I Spy: The Nuts, Bolts, and Ethics of Espionage

by Lisa Chang

1 “Shhh. There could be a spy in our midst.” How many times have you heard that in a television show or movie? Spies, however, aren't just in make-believe; every day in the real world, spies are watching, listening, taking pictures, and reporting their findings.

A photo of an eye looking through a keyhole

Modern spies usually make use of sophisticated equipment.

2 Leaders of the world's governments have to make life-and-death decisions on a daily basis. The more information those leaders have the better chance they have of making the right choices. Leaders need to know, for example, what weapons the enemy possesses. They need information about troops and their movements. They want to know how much money the enemy invests in oil or atomic energy.

3 While some of this information, known as intelligence, might be available through the media or through open communication, countries try to keep a lot of information secret, especially information that might be used against them. To gain access to this secret information, governments use espionage, which today is a blend of deception, trespassing, theft, coercion, manipulation, technology, and data analysis.

4 International espionage—or spying—is a messy and complex business that has been around for as long as there have been governments (about five thousand years). In the early twentieth century, spies began to appear in novels and other stories; they are the heroes of some of the earliest movies. Spy stories, both in print and on film, continue to be popular. Historic spies, such as Sidney Reilly, Nathan Hale, and James Armistead Lafayette, are considered heroes by many, but are they really heroes—and is spying OK?

Who Are These Spies?

5 In How Spies Work, freelance writer Ed Grabionowski (2007) offers a run-down of the spy business. Generally, there are three kinds of spies. Most spies are of the first type: men and women who are recruited by the intelligence agencies of their home countries, then trained and assigned to positions at home or abroad. For example, in the United States, these spies work for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and, in the former Soviet Union, spies worked for an agency called the KGB. The second kind of spy is a defector. Defectors were spies in their own country, but they have abandoned their homeland to become agents for a foreign government. The last variety of spy is someone who simply walks in and provides information to that government . . . for money, revenge, adventure, power, or perhaps even principles.

6 A spy usually works through a person called a controller, who may offer training, provide assignments, and serve as the conduit for information. Usually, spies have contact with their controller and no one else. Spies often communicate with their controllers using secret codes (Grabionowski, 2007).

Answer 1

Selected

Explanation: in this context "recruited" means chosen/enlisted by an intelligence agency (not detained, reviewed, or simply convinced).