Question

Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent on Earth. The average temperature of the interior is -71 degrees Fahrenheit. Though covered in ice, Antarctica is technically a desert that gets less than 6.5 inches of rain each year. Who would want to travel there?

2

It may be surprising to know that many people are attracted to this icy expanse. Antarctica attracts over 100,000 tourists a year. They are likely drawn to the stunning glaciers and the adorable penguins. Many people visit to kayak, scuba dive, and camp. Antarctica is also home to the "Polar Plunge," in which people jump into the icy waters to experience extreme cold firsthand. Some of those who visit and feel passionate about Antarctica’s environment decide to become ambassadors. They are driven to protect a continent endangered by the effects of climate change.

3

Antarctic Ambassadors, as they are known, play important roles in supporting scientific research into one of the planet's harshest environments. Their work expands what is known about our planet and how to protect its ecosystems. They raise awareness about the continent and share their experiences with others. For example, they give informational presentations in schools and other public settings.

4

Some ambassadors focus specifically on wildlife and environmental conservation. They observe and record the behaviors of animals. They also support protecting and restoring native habitats. In addition, they monitor weather patterns and help collect samples of water, rock, and soil. ​

5

Antarctic Ambassadors appreciate the opportunity to contribute to globally significant projects by protecting one of the world's ecosystems and teaching others about it.


​Text 2: The Antarctic Treaty of 2048

6

The Antarctic Treaty of 2048 was signed in 1991 to protect Antarctica as a natural reserve. It also banned activities like mining and focused on environmental protection and scientific research.

7

This treaty is important because Antarctica has many natural resources, like minerals, oil, and gas, and it is an important global climate indicator. If mining and drilling were allowed, these activities could harm the environment and accelerate the negative effects of climate change. In addition, these activities are harmful to the animals that call Antarctica home. The emperor penguin, hourglass dolphin, and yeti crab are species only found in Antarctica. Mining and drilling would release harmful gases and chemicals into the air and water that these animals depend on for survival.

8

When the treaty is reviewed in 2048, leaders will decide whether to continue protecting the land or to allow mining and drilling. Maintaining Antarctica's status as an environmental sanctuary is essential. The decisions made in 2048 will have lasting effects, not only for Antarctica but also for the entire planet. Maintaining the Antarctic Treaty is vital to the preservation of one of Earth's last untouched environments.

1Question 1
How does the author's purpose in text 2 differ from the purpose in text 1?

A.
The author of text 2 emphasizes the importance of tourism in Antarctica.
B.
The author of text 2 explains the benefits of scientific research done in Antarctica.
C.
The author of text 2 informs about how everyday people help protect Antarctica.
D.
The author of text 2 explains laws established to protect Antarctica.

Answer 1

D. The author of text 2 explains laws established to protect Antarctica.

Text 1 focuses on people who visit Antarctica and act as ambassadors for its conservation, while Text 2 describes the Antarctic Treaty and legal protections (bans on mining/drilling) meant to preserve the continent.