Question

Which headline best explains how Napoleon’s invasion of Spain influenced Latin American independence movements?(1 point)

1. Cries for "Liberty, equality, fraternity“ echo in St. Domingue’s Revolt.

2. United States Constitution used as model in new constitutions across South America.

3. Toussaint L’Ouverture leads enslaved and freed people of color in fight for freedom and equality.

4. Refusing to recognize Bonaparte, New Spain colonies create their own provisional governments.

Answer 1

4. Refusing to recognize Bonaparte, New Spain colonies create their own provisional governments.

Explanation: Napoleon's removal of the Spanish king created a legitimacy crisis, prompting colonial elites to form juntas/provisional governments rather than accept French rule—sparking independence movements.