Question

Answer in three to five sentences. The text states, "This is also another
example of conflict leading to change". Explain why the author believes these
independence movements in Africa are examples of conflict leading to change.

Answer 1

The author sees these independence movements as conflicts—ranging from protests and strikes to armed struggle—that directly challenged and weakened colonial authority. Those confrontations forced colonial powers to negotiate, withdraw, or be overthrown, producing new independent states and political institutions. In the process they reshaped social, economic, and legal arrangements (national identities, governance structures, land and labor relations), so conflict produced lasting change.