Question

Which characteristics of bacteria help them infect other organisms? Check all of the boxes that apply.

Bacteria reproduce quickly.

Bacteria have a protective layer called a capsule.

Bacteria can evolve quickly because they can pass on genetic information.

Bacterial infections cause symptoms that transfer the bacteria to new hosts.

Answer 1

All four apply.

- Bacteria reproduce quickly. — Yes. Fast reproduction lets them build large populations in a host and overwhelm defenses.
- Bacteria have a protective layer called a capsule. — Yes. A capsule helps bacteria stick to surfaces and resist phagocytosis by the immune system.
- Bacteria can evolve quickly because they can pass on genetic information. — Yes. Rapid mutation and horizontal gene transfer spread beneficial traits (virulence, antibiotic resistance), aiding infection and survival.
- Bacterial infections cause symptoms that transfer the bacteria to new hosts. — Yes. Symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, or diarrhea can promote transmission to new hosts (though not every infection causes such symptoms).