Asked by son
A student tests several materials to see which are magnetic. Which explanation best supports why only some materials are attracted to a magnet?
Any material can become magnetic if it is cold enough.
All metals are always magnetic, regardless of their structure.
Only materials containing iron, nickel, or cobalt have domains that can align with a magnetic field.
Nonmetals become magnetic when exposed to electricity.
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Only materials containing iron, nickel, or cobalt have domains that can align with a magnetic field.
Explanation: ferromagnetism arises from unpaired electron spins and strong exchange interactions that produce regions (domains) of aligned magnetic moments. In ferromagnetic materials (chiefly Fe, Ni, Co and some alloys/rare-earths) those domains can be reoriented by an external magnet, producing strong attraction. Most materials are paramagnetic (very weak attraction) or diamagnetic (weak repulsion), so they do not behave like magnets under ordinary conditions. Temperature also matters (above the Curie temperature ferromagnets lose their domain alignment).
Explanation: ferromagnetism arises from unpaired electron spins and strong exchange interactions that produce regions (domains) of aligned magnetic moments. In ferromagnetic materials (chiefly Fe, Ni, Co and some alloys/rare-earths) those domains can be reoriented by an external magnet, producing strong attraction. Most materials are paramagnetic (very weak attraction) or diamagnetic (weak repulsion), so they do not behave like magnets under ordinary conditions. Temperature also matters (above the Curie temperature ferromagnets lose their domain alignment).
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