Question

Read the excerpt from "For the Cherokee Phoenix.”

To the Cherokees on the Arkansas, we are attached by ties of blood as well as affection. We feel the tenderest solicitude for their well being. But they are by no means prosperous. They are yet without salutary laws and regulations.

Which rhetorical appeal is most evident in this excerpt?

ethos
kairos
logos
pathos



Read the excerpt from "Rebuilding the Cherokee Nation.”

Our children go to public school systems in Oklahoma, and they see teachers that don’t look like them, don’t reflect who they are as a people. We’ve always been acculturated to believe that the BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) or the Indian Health Service or somebody else had better ideas for us than we ourselves had, and so trusting our own thinking . . . is the single most important task. . .

Read Noah’s paraphrase of the excerpt.

Wilma Mankiller says that Cherokee children go to public school systems in Oklahoma and see teachers who don’t look like them. Cherokee people have been acculturated to believe that the Bureau of Indian Affairs or the Indian Health Service have better ideas for them than they have for themselves. Mankiller says that the single most important task is to get the Cherokee to trust their own thinking.

Courtesy of the Wilma Mankiller Trust

Which mistake did Noah make in his paraphrase?

He matched the source material too closely.
He did not give proper credit to the source.
He misrepresented the author’s ideas.
He made the ideas in the text more complex.



When speakers use the rhetorical appeal known as logos, they

create a sense of urgency.
target things people care about.
develop trust with an audience.
cite relevant and reliable evidence.

Answer 1

1) Pathos — the excerpt uses emotional language ("ties of blood," "tenderest solicitude") to appeal to readers' feelings.

2) He matched the source material too closely — Noah’s paraphrase stays too near the original wording/structure (even though he did attribute the idea), so it’s an insufficient paraphrase.

3) When speakers use logos, they cite relevant and reliable evidence.