Asked by adrian

definitons of Life structure
Early Adulthood
Middle adulthood
Late adulthood
Novice phase
Mentor
Work
Labor force
Profession
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
Outsourcing
Gerontology
Social gerontology
Young-old
Middle-old
Old-old
Alzheimer’s disease
Dependency

All Answers 1

Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
Here are brief, clear definitions for each term you listed.

- Life structure
The overall pattern of a person’s roles, relationships, activities, and institutions (work, family, community) that organize and give meaning to their life at a given time. (Term used in adult-development theories such as Levinson’s.)

- Early adulthood
The developmental period when individuals consolidate personal identity, form enduring relationships, and establish careers and families. Rough age range commonly given: about 20–40 years (ranges vary by source).

- Middle adulthood
The period characterized by career consolidation, parenting of adolescents/young adults, increased responsibility, and often reflection on life goals. Rough age range: about 40–65 years.

- Late adulthood
The later life period marked by retirement for many, changes in health and social roles, and increased focus on life review and adaptation to losses. Rough age range: about 65 years and older.

- Novice phase
An initial entry or learning phase in a career or life role during which a person gains skills, tests choices, and adapts to adult responsibilities. (In Levinson’s model this occurs during the early-adult years.)

- Mentor
A more experienced person who provides guidance, advice, knowledge, support, and sometimes sponsorship to a less experienced person (a mentee).

- Work
Any activity involving effort performed to produce goods or services, earn income, or fulfill roles (paid employment, unpaid domestic labor, volunteering).

- Labor force
The total number of people who are of working age and are either employed or actively seeking employment (i.e., employed + unemployed who want and are looking for work).

- Profession
A type of occupation that requires specialized training or education, a recognized body of knowledge, and often formal credentials and codes of ethics (e.g., medicine, law, engineering).

- Unemployment
A situation in which people who are able and willing to work are without jobs and are actively seeking employment.

- Unemployment rate
The percentage of the labor force that is unemployed and actively seeking work. Formula: (Number of unemployed ÷ Labor force) × 100.

- Outsourcing
Contracting out business functions or services to an external organization (can be domestic or international/offshore) to reduce costs, access expertise, or focus on core activities.

- Gerontology
The multidisciplinary study of aging and older adults, covering biological, psychological, social, and policy aspects.

- Social gerontology
The subfield of gerontology that focuses specifically on the social, cultural, economic, and interpersonal aspects of aging (family, work, retirement, policy, social roles).

- Young-old
A common gerontological category for older adults who are relatively healthy and active; typically defined as ages about 65–74.

- Middle-old
The category for older adults who often face more health and functional changes than the young-old; typically defined as ages about 75–84.

- Old-old
The category for the oldest group of older adults who are most likely to have significant health, cognitive, or functional impairments; typically defined as ages 85 and older.

- Alzheimer’s disease
A progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia, characterized by gradual memory loss, impaired thinking and judgment, language and behavior changes; associated with brain changes including amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

- Dependency
1) In aging/health contexts: the state of needing assistance from others to perform daily activities (personal or long-term care dependency).
2) In demographic/economic terms: the dependency ratio, which compares the non-working-age population (young and old) to the working-age population and indicates potential economic support burdens.

If you want, I can expand any definition, provide citations, or give examples and key theorists (e.g., Levinson) for the developmental terms.