Question

federative republic of brazil: Distribution of power, type of government, executive branch, how is the head of government chosen, legislative branch, and role of citizen and also do that with the United mexican States and republic of cuba

Answer 1

Below is a concise, comparable summary for the Federative Republic of Brazil, the United Mexican States (Mexico), and the Republic of Cuba, organized by the points you requested.

Federative Republic of Brazil
- Distribution of power
- Federal system: power divided between the Union (federal government), 26 states + Federal District, and municipalities. Separation of powers among executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
- Type of government
- Presidential federal republic.
- Executive branch
- President of the Republic is both head of state and head of government, assisted by a Vice‑President and cabinet ministers. The President holds broad powers over national policy, foreign affairs, administration and appoints ministers and senior officials.
- How the head of government is chosen
- President elected by direct popular vote using a two‑round system (if no candidate gets >50% in the first round, a runoff is held). Term is four years with the possibility of one consecutive re‑election.
- Legislative branch
- Bicameral National Congress: Federal Senate (upper house) and Chamber of Deputies (lower house).
- Senate: each state and the Federal District elect 3 senators (staggered eight‑year terms).
- Chamber of Deputies: deputies elected by proportional representation from state party lists (four‑year terms).
- Congress enacts laws, approves budget, supervises the executive, and can impeach officials.
- Role of citizens
- Universal suffrage (voting is compulsory for literate citizens aged 18–70; optional for 16–17, 70+, and illiterate). Citizens elect president, federal and state legislators, governors, and municipal officials. Mechanisms for oversight include elections, impeachment, public hearings, and infrequent constitutional plebiscites/referenda. Civil society and protests play an active role in politics.

United Mexican States (Mexico)
- Distribution of power
- Federal system: federation of 31 states + Mexico City and municipalities. Constitutional separation of powers among executive, legislative and judicial branches.
- Type of government
- Presidential federal republic.
- Executive branch
- President is both head of state and government, supported by cabinet secretaries. The President leads national policy, administration, foreign relations and appoints federal officials.
- How the head of government is chosen
- President elected by direct popular vote (simple plurality, no runoff). Single six‑year term (sexenio); immediate re‑election is constitutionally prohibited.
- Legislative branch
- Bicameral Congress of the Union: Senate (upper house) and Chamber of Deputies (lower house).
- Senate: 128 senators (each state elects 3; remainder by proportional representation), six‑year terms.
- Chamber of Deputies: 500 deputies elected for three‑year terms by a mixed system (single‑member districts + proportional representation).
- Congress drafts and approves laws, budget and exercises oversight of the executive.
- Role of citizens
- Universal suffrage for citizens 18 and older; voting is voluntary. Citizens elect president, federal and state legislators, governors and local officials. Independent electoral bodies (notably the National Electoral Institute) administer elections. Citizens can participate through parties, petitions, referendums/consultas (limited use), civic associations and protests.

Republic of Cuba
- Distribution of power
- Unitary state with centralized authority. The Communist Party of Cuba (Partido Comunista de Cuba, PCC) is constitutionally designated as the leading force in society and the state; political power is highly centralized with limited pluralism. Formal separation of branches exists in law, but the Party exerts decisive influence.
- Type of government
- Socialist single‑party state (commonly described as a one‑party socialist republic).
- Executive branch
- Under the current constitution, state executive institutions include the President of the Republic and the Council of Ministers; there is also a Prime Minister position (the Prime Minister heads day‑to‑day government operations). Key executive leaders are closely linked with, and typically selected by, the Party.
- How the head of government is chosen
- Heads of state and government are chosen by the National Assembly of People’s Power (the unicameral legislature). Nomination and selection are controlled by the Communist Party and related mass organizations; there are no competitive multi‑party presidential elections by popular vote.
- Legislative branch
- National Assembly of People's Power (Asamblea Nacional del Poder Popular): unicameral legislature whose deputies are elected in nominations organized at municipal level and approved in single‑list elections. The Assembly meets infrequently and delegates much day‑to‑day authority to the Council of State and Council of Ministers. In practice the Assembly largely ratifies decisions made within Party structures.
- Role of citizens
- Universal suffrage exists (voting from a relatively young age, often 16), and elections are held for municipal and national bodies, but political competition is limited to candidates approved through Party‑dominated processes. Independent political parties are not permitted to compete for power; freedoms of expression, assembly, and association are constrained compared with liberal democracies. Citizens can participate through the Communist Party, state‑recognized mass organizations, local civic structures (e.g., Committees for the Defense of the Revolution) and state‑organized consultative mechanisms.

If you want, I can:
- Put this into a side‑by‑side table for easier comparison;
- Add term lengths, electoral formulas and turnout/voting rules in more detail;
- Provide sources or links to the constitutional provisions for each country.