Question

Consider the brains of species A and species B to scale.
A large brain. A small brain.
Species A Species B
Suppose that species A and species B have the same body size. Knowing this information, what can be determined from the pictures?
Species B is more intelligent and has a better memory than species A.
Species B can process sensory information more quickly than species A.
Species A is able to rationalize thoughts more effectively than species B.
Species A's brain is smaller for its body size than the brain of species B.

Answer 1

Only the relative brain size can be determined: species A has the larger brain for the same body size (i.e., A’s brain is larger relative to body size than B’s).

You cannot conclude any of the cognitive claims (intelligence, memory, sensory processing speed, or rationalization ability) from the pictures alone. Absolute or relative brain size alone is not a reliable indicator of those functions without information on neuron number/density, cortical organization, connectivity, and other physiological details.