Question

What are the rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights that cannot be taken away by law

Answer 1

Assuming you mean the U.S. Bill of Rights (the first ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution), those Amendments guarantee a set of individual rights that ordinary legislation cannot abolish. Important points up front:
- Constitutional rights bind government action; private parties (employers, clubs, landlords) can sometimes limit behavior in ways the Constitution does not reach.
- No right is absolutely unlimited; many rights may be subject to narrowly defined regulations upheld by the courts.
- A right can only be changed or removed by a constitutional amendment (or by the Supreme Court changing its interpretation), not by ordinary statute.

Key protections in the Bill of Rights

1. First Amendment
- Freedom of religion (free exercise and prohibition on establishing a national religion)
- Freedom of speech and of the press
- Right to peaceably assemble and to petition the government
Note: these are strongly protected but can be regulated for things like incitement to imminent lawless action, true threats, obscenity, and reasonable time/place/manner rules.

2. Second Amendment
- Right to keep and bear arms
Note: the Supreme Court recognizes an individual right, but reasonable regulations (licensing, certain prohibitions) have been upheld.

3. Third Amendment
- Protection against government quartering soldiers in private homes without consent (rarely litigated today).

4. Fourth Amendment
- Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures; warrants require probable cause.

5. Fifth Amendment
- Grand jury indictment for capital/felony federal crimes (with some exceptions)
- Protection against double jeopardy (being tried twice for the same offense)
- Privilege against compelled self-incrimination
- Right to due process of law
- Takings clause: private property cannot be taken for public use without just compensation

6. Sixth Amendment
- Right to a speedy and public trial by impartial jury
- Right to be informed of the charges, to confront witnesses, to compulsory process for witnesses, and to assistance of counsel (including appointment of counsel for indigent defendants in criminal cases).

7. Seventh Amendment
- Right to jury trial in certain civil cases (historically where the value in controversy exceeds $20); scope has been limited in some federal contexts.

8. Eighth Amendment
- Protection against excessive bail and fines
- Protection against cruel and unusual punishments

9. Ninth Amendment
- Recognition that the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution does not mean people do not retain other rights (an acknowledgement of unenumerated rights).

10. Tenth Amendment
- Powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states or the people (federalism principle).

Summary
These rights cannot be taken away by ordinary laws; only a constitutional amendment (or a different constitutional interpretation by the courts) can eliminate or substantially change them. Also, most of these rights are not absolute and may be subject to carefully defined legal limits that courts deem consistent with the Constitution. If you want, I can explain the major limits and important Supreme Court cases for any particular right.