Question

Which of the following correctly characterize the actions taken by Nixon in regard to civil rights?

Check all of the boxes that apply.

increased the number of African Americans attending all-black universities

established the Philadelphia Plan for affirmative action

increased funding for civil rights agencies

opposed the Equal Rights Amendment

Answer 1

Correct choices:
- established the Philadelphia Plan for affirmative action
- increased funding for civil rights agencies

Notes:
- The Philadelphia Plan (1969) was a Nixon administration program requiring federal contractors to meet minority hiring goals.
- Nixon also expanded enforcement of federal civil-rights laws (e.g., stronger desegregation enforcement, new minority business programs), which involved increased resources for certain civil‑rights functions.

Incorrect choices:
- Nixon did not pursue a policy of increasing attendance specifically at all‑black universities; his actions emphasized enforcement of desegregation and broader programs rather than boosting segregated institutions.
- He did not oppose the Equal Rights Amendment; Nixon supported the ERA’s passage by Congress in 1972 and urged state ratification.