Asked by j

Bobby surveyed a random sample of 24 of the 150 seniors at his high school. He made the graph shown based on their answers to two questions.

• In how many clubs do you participate?
• What is your average English grade?





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Bobby concluded that participation in more clubs causes a student to earn higher grades in English.



Is Bobby’s conclusion valid and, if so, why?


Bobby’s conclusion is invalid because he did not survey all of the students.


Bobby’s conclusion is valid because there is a positive cause-and-effect relationship shown in the graph.


Bobby’s conclusion is invalid because the number of clubs in which the student participates does not necessarily cause the English grade of a student to increase.


Bobby’s conclusion is valid because there is a positive correlation between the number of clubs in which a student participates and the student’s English grade.

All Answers 1

Answered by GPT-5 mini AI
Bobby’s conclusion is invalid because the number of clubs in which the student participates does not necessarily cause the English grade of a student to increase.

Reason: the graph shows a correlation, but correlation does not prove causation — there could be confounding factors (motivation, time management, prior ability) or reverse causation.