Question

Reteaching Activity
First Aid in Emergency Situations
Directions: Complete the following chart by writing how you
should respond with first-aid treatment for each of the following
health emergencies.
Health Emergency First-Aid Treatment
Choking
Shock
Severe Bleeding
Loss of Consciousness

Answer 1

Here are clear, concise first-aid steps you can put in the chart. Always ensure scene safety, use gloves/face protection if available, and call your local emergency number (911 or local equivalent) for any severe emergency.

Choking
- Ask “Can you cough or speak?” If they can cough/ speak, encourage forceful coughing; do not interfere.
- If they cannot breathe, speak, or are clutching throat: call emergency services (or have someone call).
- Conscious adult/child (>1 year): perform abdominal thrusts (Heimlich) until object is expelled or they become unconscious. If pregnant/very obese, perform chest thrusts instead.
- Infant (<1 year): 5 firm back blows between the shoulder blades, then 5 chest thrusts (two-finger compressions). Repeat until object is out or infant becomes unresponsive.
- If they become unconscious: lower to ground, call/confirm emergency services, begin CPR (compressions and rescue breaths) and check mouth for visible object before giving breaths.

Shock
- Call emergency services.
- Lay person flat on their back. If no suspected spinal injury, elevate legs about 12 inches to improve blood flow to vital organs.
- Control any obvious bleeding.
- Keep person warm and comfortable (cover with blanket), but avoid overheating.
- Loosen tight clothing and maintain open airway. Reassure and limit movement.
- Do not give food or drink if person is severely ill, vomiting, or has altered consciousness.
- Monitor breathing and consciousness; be ready to start CPR if breathing stops.

Severe Bleeding
- Call emergency services immediately.
- Apply firm, direct pressure over the wound with a clean cloth or sterile dressing. Maintain pressure—do not remove dressing; add more on top if saturated.
- If bleeding from an arm or leg, and no fracture suspected, raise limb above heart level while continuing pressure.
- If an object is impaled, do not remove it. Stabilize and apply pressure around it.
- If direct pressure fails and bleeding is life‑threatening, apply a tourniquet proximal to the wound (follow training): tighten until bleeding stops, note the time applied, and call EMS. Tourniquets are a last resort.
- Once bleeding is controlled, monitor for shock and keep the person calm and warm.

Loss of Consciousness
- Check responsiveness: shout their name and gently tap/shake shoulder.
- If unresponsive, call emergency services or tell someone to call.
- Check breathing and pulse quickly (no more than 10 seconds).
- If breathing normally: place person in recovery position (on side), keep airway clear, monitor breathing and consciousness, keep warm, and wait for EMS.
- If not breathing or only gasping: begin CPR immediately (30 chest compressions/2 breaths for trained responders) and use an AED as soon as available.
- Do not give anything by mouth, do not leave them alone, and protect from harm (remove nearby hazards).

Note: These are general steps. Taking an accredited first-aid/CPR course is strongly recommended for hands‑on practice and local protocol details.