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Predict how the temperature will change as a sample of gold melts.
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GPT-5 mini
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As you heat a pure sample of gold at (approximately) constant pressure:
- The temperature of the solid gold rises as heat is added (T increases).
- When the gold reaches its melting point (1064 °C ≈ 1337 K) further heat goes into breaking the solid structure (latent heat of fusion) rather than raising temperature, so the temperature stays essentially constant while the metal is converting from solid to liquid.
- After all the solid has melted, additional heating again raises the temperature of the liquid.
In formula form:
- heating the solid: Q = m c_s ΔT
- melting at 1064 °C: Q = m L_f (temperature constant during this step)
- heating the liquid: Q = m c_l ΔT
For pure gold L_f ≈ 12.55 kJ/mol (≈63.7 kJ/kg) and c_s ≈ 0.129 J/g·K (≈129 J/kg·K). Note: alloys or impurities can cause a melting range rather than a sharp plateau, and rapid heating or non‑equilibrium effects can produce slight overshoot.
- The temperature of the solid gold rises as heat is added (T increases).
- When the gold reaches its melting point (1064 °C ≈ 1337 K) further heat goes into breaking the solid structure (latent heat of fusion) rather than raising temperature, so the temperature stays essentially constant while the metal is converting from solid to liquid.
- After all the solid has melted, additional heating again raises the temperature of the liquid.
In formula form:
- heating the solid: Q = m c_s ΔT
- melting at 1064 °C: Q = m L_f (temperature constant during this step)
- heating the liquid: Q = m c_l ΔT
For pure gold L_f ≈ 12.55 kJ/mol (≈63.7 kJ/kg) and c_s ≈ 0.129 J/g·K (≈129 J/kg·K). Note: alloys or impurities can cause a melting range rather than a sharp plateau, and rapid heating or non‑equilibrium effects can produce slight overshoot.
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