Question

11. Which sentence shows a text structure that lists causes and then explains their effects?

A. First, heavy rains flooded the fields. As a result, many crops were destroyed and animals lost their habitats.

B. The stormy weather was scary; however, people stayed calm and helped each other.

C. On Saturday, the town celebrated its annual fair with music and games.

D. The author describes the earthquake using a lot of sensory details to create tension.



12. Which question would help a reader identify the author's use of cause-and-effect structure in an article about hurricanes?

A. How are hurricanes similar to tornadoes?

B. What steps did the community take after the hurricane?

C. What caused the storm surge and what were the results?

D. Who is the main character in the story about the rescue team?



13. An article explains: "After the flood, chemicals from damaged factories entered the river. Consequently, fish died and the water became unsafe for drinking." Which signal word in this excerpt most clearly indicates cause-and-effect structure?

A. "After"

B. "Consequently"

C. "For"

D. "And"



14. "Wildfires can spread quickly because of dry conditions, strong winds, and lots of fuel from dead plants. These fires burn trees, destroy homes, and force animals to flee." Which text structure best matches this excerpt?

A. Compare and contrast

B. Cause and effect

C. Problem and solution

D. Sequence (chronological order)

Answer 1

11. A — It gives the cause (heavy rains flooded the fields) and then states the effects ("As a result...").

12. C — It asks directly about the cause (what caused the storm surge) and the effects (what were the results).

13. B — "Consequently" is a clear cause-and-effect signal word.

14. B — The passage lists causes (dry conditions, winds, fuel) and their effects (burn trees, destroy homes, force animals to flee).